艺术参与乡村建设的人类学前沿观察
Anthropological Frontier Observation of Art Participating in Rural Construction
 
摘要:各地艺术乡建共同面临的问题首先依然是在地和主体性问题。艺术乡建有四个主要的推动力：当代艺术内部的观念性转向、政府政策导向、创意经济崛起和逆城市化潮流。艺术乡建开始变成背负过强道德性与伦理感的一种身份压力。艺术从业者开始和乡村一起进入生产-消费的交换流通体系里，以求达到乡建目标。把艺术乡建放置在“建设”的知识经验中，会弱化艺术乡建在替代性、可能性、先锋性上的特质。空间改造主打的艺术乡建，应落脚于重构“传统”、“遗产”相关的价值话语。“文艺乡建”导向的仍然是一种基于空间交错的休闲经济。弱视角与微观视角，是近年来采纳人类学方法的艺术实践的一个共性。如何处理与当地人的关系（社会关系、知识产权、情感联系等）等伦理问题，人类学更应有所贡献。“艺术乡建”在触动和改变有关乡村的话语体系和城乡文化关系上，已经成效显著。但在新形态的主体性养成方面，仍然需要一个更长的时间坐标才能有所论断。
关键词:艺术人类学；乡村建设；艺术乡建；伦理
Abstract: The common problems faced by local arts and rural construction are still the problems of locality and subjectivity. There are four main driving forces for the construction of art villages: the conceptual shift within contemporary art, government policy orientation, the rise of creative economy, and the counter-urbanization trend. Art rural construction began to become a kind of identity pressure bearing too strong morality and ethics. Art practitioners began to enter the production-consumption exchange system with the village in order to achieve the rural construction goals. Placing the art township in the knowledge experience of "construction" will weaken the characteristics of the art township in substitution, possibility, and avant-garde. The main art rural construction in space reconstruction should be based on reconstructing the value discourses related to "traditional" and "heritage". "Arts and Villages" is still oriented to a leisure economy based on the interlaced space. Weak perspective and micro perspective are a common feature of the artistic practice that adopts anthropological methods in recent years. How to deal with ethical issues such as relationships with locals (social relations, intellectual property, emotional connections, etc.), anthropology should make a contribution. "Art Rural Construction" has achieved remarkable results in touching and changing the rural discourse system and the relationship between urban and rural culture. However, in terms of the formation of subjectivity in the new form, a longer time coordinate is still needed to make a conclusion.
Keywords: art anthropology; rural construction; art rural construction; ethics
 
一、 艺术乡建的常见困局与共识
 
李耕(以下简称李)：艺术参与乡村建设近几年蔚为大观。局面热闹的同时，也反映出艺术生产体制以及社会变革过程中的诸多症结与突破口。学界对此有及时回应——在以艺术介入美丽乡村建设为主题的“北戴河艺术论坛共识”中，执笔人方李莉教授总结出这一领域里的三个愿景，一